| Afro-Asiatic |
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Semitic |
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West |
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Central |
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Aramaic |
Assyrian |
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Arabo-Canaanite |
Maltese |
| Altaic |
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Altaic Proper |
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Turkic |
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Common Turkic |
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Western |
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Bashkir |
Bashkir |
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Kumyk-Karachay |
Karachay, Kumyk, Karaim |
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Tatar |
Baraba, Crimean Tatar, Tatar |
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Southern |
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Crimean Turkish |
Crimean Turkish |
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Gagauz |
Gagauz |
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Azerbaijani |
Azerbaijani |
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Turkish |
Turkish |
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Central |
Nogai |
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Bolgar |
Chuvash |
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Oirat-Kalmyk |
Kalmyk |
| Caucasian |
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North |
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Northeast |
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Dagestan |
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Lezgian |
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Lezgian Proper |
Kryts, Tsaxur, Udi, Budux, Lezgi, Tabasaran, Rutul, Agul |
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Archi |
Archi |
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Xinalug |
Xinalug |
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Lak-Dargwa |
Lak, Dargwa |
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Avaro-Andi-Dido |
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Dido |
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Bezhta-Hunzib |
Hunzib, Bezhta |
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Dido-Hinux |
Dido, Hinux |
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Xvarshi |
Xvarshi |
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Andi |
Tindi, Godoberi, Karata, Bagulal, Axvax, Botlix, Andi, Chamalal |
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Avar |
Avar |
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Nax |
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Chechen-Ingush |
Ingush, Chechen |
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Bats |
Bats |
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Northwest |
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Ubyx |
Ubyx |
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Circassian |
Kabardian, Adygh |
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Abxaz-Abaza |
Abaza, Abxaz |
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South |
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Georgian |
Georgian |
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Svan |
Svan |
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Zan |
Laz, Mingrelian |
| Indo-European |
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Germanic |
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West |
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Continental |
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East |
German, Luxembourgeois, Yiddish |
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West |
Dutch |
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North Sea |
English, Frisian, Fering |
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North |
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West |
Norwegian, Faroese, Icelandic |
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East |
Swedish, Danish |
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Runic |
Runic |
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East |
Vandalic, Burgundian, Gothic |
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Italic |
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Latino-Faliscan |
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Romance |
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Continental |
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Western |
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Italo-Romance |
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Dalmatian |
Dalmatian |
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Italian |
Italian |
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Gallo-Ibero-Romance |
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Ibero-Romance |
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North |
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Western |
Galician, Portuguese |
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Central |
Spanish |
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Eastern |
Catalan |
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South |
Mozarabic |
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Gallo-Romance |
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North |
Franco-Provencal, French |
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South |
Provencal |
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Rheato-Romance |
Ladin, Friulian, Romansch |
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Eastern |
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South |
Megleno-Rumanian, Arumanian |
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North |
Istro-Rumanian, Rumanian |
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Sardinian |
Sardinian |
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Latin |
Latin |
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Faliscan |
Faliscan |
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Osco-Umbrian |
Oscan, Umbrian, Sabellian |
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Balto-Slavic |
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Baltic |
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East |
Latvian, Lithuanian |
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West |
Old Prussian |
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Slavic |
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West |
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Central |
Upper Sorbian, Lower Sorbian |
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South |
Czech, Slovak |
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North |
Kashubian, Polish, Polabian |
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East |
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North |
Byelorussian, Russian |
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South |
Ukrainian |
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South |
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Old Church Slavonik |
Old Church Slavonik |
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East |
Bulgarian, Macedonian |
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West |
Serbo-Croatian, Slovene |
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Greek |
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Tsakonian, Classical Greek, Greek |
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Indo-Iranian |
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Iranian |
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Western |
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Northwest |
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Talysh |
Talysh |
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Kurdish |
Kirmanji |
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Tati |
Tati |
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West Scythian |
Ossetic |
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Romany |
Romany |
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Armenian |
Classical Armenian, Armenian |
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Albanian |
Albanian |
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Celtic |
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Insular |
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Goidelic |
Manx, Scottish Gaelic, Irish |
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Brythonic |
Cornish, Breton, Welsh |
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Continental |
Gaulish |
| Uralic |
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Finno-Ugrian |
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Finnic |
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North Finnic |
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Baltic Finnic |
Finnish, Vepsian, Votic, Olonets, Ingrian, Livonian, Estonian, Karelian, Ludic |
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Samic |
Eastern Sami, Northern Sami, Southern Sami |
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Permic |
Komi, Udmurt |
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Volgaic |
Mari, Mordvin |
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Ugric |
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Hungarian |
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Ob-Ugric |
Mansi |
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North |
Nenets |
| Basque |
Basque |
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| Etruscan |
Etruscan |
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